The Problem of Sustainability Essay -- essays research papers

In this chapter the author David Orr explains the causes of our unfortunate condition from the social confining situation to those that are inevitable part of human condition. As the author looks into the future three crises will be imminent: the food crisis as result of worldwide soil losses and rapidly expands of population, The cheap energy, the race between the fossil fuels and the solar energy, and the climate change. This has to do with the limits of the natural resource. Besides these crises the writer mentions the crisis of the spiritual resources. Human need a new vision of the link them to the planet in a more life-centered. The crisis as a social trap is part of lucid behavior in situation typified by multiple but conflicting rewards. The rewards are short terms but the costs are long term and paid by all. One of the solutions that will deter the human to get into those traps will be if the costs are paid up front as part of the purchase price. Effort to build a sustainable society on assumption human rationality must be regarded as partial solution. Recognition of these social traps and making policies to avoid them will help in building sustainable society. The crisis as consequence of the economic growth has to do with the propensity of all industrial society to grow beyond the limits of the natural systems. Human use 40 percent of the net productivity of the ecosystem on the planet, changing the was the climate, exterminating species, and toxifying ecosys...

Poland Business Cycle

This Country Focus analyses and interprets the statistical characteristics of the Polish business cycle. It also identifies leading and lagging variables and shows that the economic fluctuations in Poland differ to some extent from those in other emerging and mature economies, with Polish growth notably more volatile and government expenditure highly erratic. The available data on GDP growth suggest that the Polish economy is approaching the peak of the second business cycle since the start of economic transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy.The current upswing is to some extent similar to the one of 1995-1997 which ended in large macroeconomic imbalances (increasing unemployment, spare capacity, widening fiscal and current account deficits). However, Poland now appears to be better positioned than after the last cycle and should be able to avoid a repeat of that outcome. Business cycles in emerging market economies Although the economic literature on business cyc les is vast, only recently have some papers on business cycles in emerging market economies appeared.Usually they analyse economic fluctuations within particular countries (e. g. Benczur and Ratfai, 2005) or make some cross-country comparisons (e. g. Aguayo et al. , 2004 or Carmignani, 2005). A common methodology used in the analysis of business cycles (based on observations of mature economies and economic theory) distinguishes pro-cyclical, counter-cyclical and a-cyclical variables. Pro-cyclical variables fluctuate together with GDP (e. g. industrial production, investment, employment, inflation), countercyclical variables against GDP (e. g. nemployment, net exports) and a-cyclical variables independently of GDP (e. g. real interest rates). 1 With respect to timing, the ‘stylised facts' of the business cycle identify leading, lagging and coincident variables: leading variables move ahead of GDP (e. g. average labour productivity, inventory investment, money supply), lagging variables follow GDP (e. g. inflation, nominal interest rates) and coincident variables, as the name suggests, move coincidentally with GDP (e. g. industrial production, consumption, employment) (Snowdon & Vane, 2005, p. 306).Overall, business cycles in emerging market economies (Carmignani, 2005)2 are not much different from those in mature economies (Snowdon and Vane, 2005, p. 306), By Michal Narozny* The business cycle in Poland: where do we stand? Highlights in this issue: †¢ While on the whole not different from mature economies, the properties of the business cycle in Poland display some special characteristics †¢ The current cycle seems to have reached a peak but the slowdown is likely not to be as pronounced as in the previous cycle Volume IV, Issue 9 03. 08. 2007 ECFIN COUNTRY FOCUS Directorate for the Economies of the Member States. The views expressed in the ECFIN Country Focus belong to the authors only and do not necessarily correspond to those of the Director ate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs or the European Commission.Economic analysis from the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Identification of direction and timing is key in business cycle analysis ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 2 but economies in transition (though they do not constitute a homogeneous group) display some specific characteristics: overall, the economy is much more volatile than in the euro area, which is the consequence of structural changes and catching-up, †¢ shocks are slightly less persistent than in the euro area, and fluctuations consequently more frequent, †¢ government consumption is more erratic than in the euro area, suggesting a significant discretionary element in fiscal policies, but not one that is necessarily aimed at cyclical stabilisation, †¢ employment is a-cyclical in some, but pro-cyclical in other emerging economies, †¢ inflation in emerging economies is volatile and not clearly pro-cyclical.Table 1 shows some tentative analysis of the key macroeconomic variables in the Polish business cycle. All variables (except for inflation and net exports) were logtransformed, de-seasonalised by means of the X. 12 method and later de-trended using the HP filter. Net exports were expressed as a ratio to GDP and deseasonalised by means of the multiplicative X. 11 method before being de-trended. Volatility of cyclical fluctuations, and hence the magnitude of the business cycle, is measured by the standard deviation. Polish GDP volatility is about 0. 015, compared to 0. 08 for the euro area. The persistence of cyclical fluctuations is measured by the auto-correlation coefficient: the closer to 1, the more persistent the shock (and the longer it takes to absorb it) and therefore the less fluctuation in the business cycle. Testing for the Polish business cycle persistence yields a coefficient of 0. 55 compared to 0. 85 for the euro area. Table 1. Su mmary statistics of business cycle fluctuations in Poland Correlations with the cyclical component of GDP Poland Standard Autodeviation correlation -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 GDP 0. 015 0. 550 1Industrial production 3. 317 0. 730 -0. 018 0. 154 0. 314 0. 515 0. 771 0. 599 0. 444 0. 229 0. 113 Private consumption 0. 013 0. 269 0. 015 0. 079 0. 283 0. 433 0. 434 0. 385 0. 463 0. 380 0. 037 Government consumption 0. 020 0. 001 -0. 200 0. 007 0. 230 0. 022 -0. 211 0. 175 0. 282 0. 199 0. 051 GFCF 0. 070 0. 717 0. 357 0. 399 0. 403 0. 484 0. 824 0. 585 0. 371 0. 313 0. 344 Inventories 1. 189 -0. 072 -0. 139 0. 044 0. 021 0. 074 0. 199 0. 187 0. 150 0. 177 0. 230 Net exports 0. 012 0. 574 -0. 061 -0. 174 -0. 386 -0. 373 -0. 326 -0. 513 -0. 497 -0. 389 -0. 452 Exports 0. 58 -0. 005 0. 098 0. 199 0. 177 0. 225 0. 594 -0. 018 0. 030 -0. 016 -0. 193 Imports 0. 063 0. 378 0. 097 0. 252 0. 350 0. 408 0. 672 0. 377 0. 384 0. 258 0. 175 Employment 0. 017 0. 857 0. 291 0. 372 0. 411 0. 452 0. 545 0. 40 9 0. 333 0. 355 0. 344 Labour productivity 0. 354 0. 512 0. 120 0. 090 0. 056 0. 070 0. 133 0. 257 0. 109 0. 026 -0. 142 Money supply (M1) 0. 041 0. 776 -0. 078 -0. 060 0. 092 0. 260 0. 475 0. 472 0. 535 0. 505 0. 432 Inflation 1. 819 0. 779 0. 092 0. 321 0. 511 0. 596 0. 473 0. 290 0. 082 -0. 082 -0. 146 CPI 1. 737 0. 777 0. 086 0. 255 0. 411 0. 422 0. 00 0. 082 -0. 075 -0. 167 -0. 184 Real interest rate 0. 655 0. 942 0. 226 0. 279 0. 302 0. 263 0. 135 0. 132 0. 120 0. 092 0. 088 Source: Own estimates. Data source: Eurostat. Sample: 1995Q3 – 2007Q1 Summary statistics Lags Leads Business cycles in Poland – what is different and what is alike The analysis of the Polish cycle yields a number stylised facts, which are to some degree typical for emerging economies. Table 2 summarises a number of stylised facts on business cycles in mature economies and in Poland (bearing in mind the relatively short time span for the latter).It shows that some of the usual characteristics of business cycles in mature economies (or even in emerging economies) are not seen in Poland. Where this is the case, some interpretation is offered. Industrial production is usually pro-cyclical and coincident in both mature and emerging economies, but in Poland it has a slightly leading property, which indicates the importance of industrial production as a driver of the business cycle. In the aggregate demand components, private consumption seems to be procyclical in Poland.However, it is not coincident as in mature economies, and has a lead-lag profile that is not typical: it is almost flat over four quarters with some lead. Hence, although private consumption is the largest component of GDP, the dynamic relation over time between the two variables is erratic, possibly indicating consumption smoothing, which is characteristic of low-income economies. However, the ratio of the standard deviation of private consumption to the standard deviation of GDP (by which consumption smoothi ng is usually judged) is estimated at 0. 8, i. e. higher than the upper bound of the normal range reported in the literature. 3 This suggests that consumption smoothing is not present in Poland, which might indicate lower risk aversion and/or underdevelopment of financial markets. The Polish business cycle displays some characteristic properties Business fluctuations in Poland are highly volatile and persistent ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 3 Table 2. The ‘stylised facts' about business cycles in mature economies and Poland Variable Mature economies* Poland** category VariableDirection Timing Direction Timing Supply side Industrial production pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident/leading Private consumption pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical erratic Government consumption pro-cyclical erratic counter-cyclical /erratic erratic GFCF pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident Inventories pro-cyclical leading pro-cyclical leading Net exports counter- cyclical coincident/ lagging counter-cyclical erratic Exports pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident Demand components Imports pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincidentLabour Employment pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident/lagging market Labour productivity pro-cyclical leading pro-cyclical leading Money supply pro-cyclical leading pro-cyclical leading Monetary Inflation pro-cyclical lagging pro-cyclical lagging variables Real Interest rates a-cyclical erratic pro-cyclical lagging * Features commonly found in the literature. Main source: Snowdon ; Vane (2005) ** See Table 1 Source: Own calculations (see Table 1) and Snowdon ; Vane (2005) Government consumption seems to be neither systematically counter- nor procyclical.High volatility and a very low persistence (i. e. frequent fluctuations of sizeable magnitude) point to an irregular pattern of government consumption, suggesting an important role of discretionary fiscal policies, which is a distinctive feat ure of emerging economies (Carmignani, 2005) and possibly related to the existence of a political cycle in public finances. Gross fixed capital formation appears to be coincident, highly pro-cyclical and persistent (auto-correlation of 0. 2) and inventories behave according to the ‘stylised facts': they are pro-cyclical and leading (though less so than in mature economies). Finally, both exports and imports can be seen as pro-cyclical, but imports slightly more so than exports, which is in line with the features of mature, but not emerging economies where exports are a-cyclical on average. Moreover, imports seem to be quite persistent (following persistent GFCF), unlike exports (which depend on external demand); both variables are highly volatile (standard deviations are more than the double of the euro-area).Net exports are moderately counter-cyclical with an erratic pattern over time (due to persistent imports), whereas in mature economies net exports are also counter-cyclic al, but usually coincident or lagging. With respect to the labour market, employment shows up as pro-cyclical and coincident, with some evidence of lagging, which places Poland somewhere in the middle between mature and emerging economies in this respect. Labour productivity appears to be pro-cyclical and leading, in line with the ‘stylised facts', though the leading property is less pronounced than in mature economies.Pro-cyclicality of employment with its smooth and slightly lagged correlation profile suggests labour hoarding (Burnside et al. , 1993). Among the monetary variables, the money supply apears to be pro-cyclical and leading. Inflation seems to be pro-cyclical and to follow GDP as in mature economies, which is not the case in most emerging economies (where inflation is acyclical – see Carmignani, 2005). This is probably due to the fact that at the beginning of the transformation process all emerging economies had very high inflation rates that systematically decreased.Thus, it is hard to discern a clear cyclical pattern. Poland managed to achieve relatively low inflation sooner than other emerging countries, allowing this pro-cyclicality to be revealed earlier. Contrary to the ‘stylised facts' for mature (but also emerging) economies, where real interest rates are a-cyclical with no clear pattern with respect to timing, real interest rates in Poland show up as being pro-cyclical and lagging, implying a countercyclical monetary policy (coefficient of correlation with GDP is 0. 4 and there is a clear lagging pattern). Smooth and lagged correlation profile of pro-cyclical employment suggests labour hoarding The irregular pattern of government consumption suggests that discretionary fiscal policies play an important role ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 4 Troughs, peaks and the drivers of growth The first economic cycle since the beginning of economic transition lasted about 10 years, with the expansion and slowdown phases each spanning about 5 years; the cycle ended in the second quarter of 2001.The current upswing has already lasted 6 years, which suggests that the peak is imminent if the length of the current cycle is similar to the previous one. Decelerating leading variables (industrial production, net exports and labour productivity) may also be signs of a turning point. Chart 1. Developments of basic economic variables in Poland in 1991-2008 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 % CA deficit (% of GDP) Unemployment rate (rhs) CPI inflation (rhs) GDP growth Fiscal deficit (lhs)Source: Commission services In both the early 1990s and in 2001, when the economy was at its trough, there was a large unutilised labour supply and substantial reserves in enterprises’ capacity utilisation. The fiscal deficit was also substantial. In the first cycle, ample supply of resources was a consequence of t ransition to a market economy which caused a recession in 1990-1991. In 2001-2002 it followed from the world economic slowdown and a restrictive monetary policy, which forced Polish enterprises to reorganise to raise their competitiveness and efficiency. Poland got out of the trough twice hanks to exogenous impulses to investment: the restructuring of the London Club debt in 1994 (which brought the first major wave of FDI) and entry into the EU in 2004 (which led to an inflow of EU funds). The external circumstances were also favourable as the world economy expanded in the nineties until 1998 and has been on a stable growth path since 2003. Chart 2. Contributions to GDP growth in Poland in 1991-2008 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 % total consumption GFCF Inventories Net exports GDP growthSource: Commission services The main factor that drove real GDP growth in 1995-1997 to about 7% was dynamic domest ic demand growth of 8? % on average, supported by robust consumption (about 5 percentage points contribution to GDP growth on average). Despite the fact that the economy was growing above potential and domestic demand was growing significantly faster than GDP, a strong zloty appreciation (with a temporary blip in 2000) ensured that the disinflation process was not disturbed. However, this There are indications that the Polish business cycle has approached a peak Large acroeconomic imbalance during the troughs ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 5 situation led to a fast-growing imbalance on the current account: the 2% of GDP surplus in 1994 fell to a deficit of 6% of GDP in 1999 (to which the Russian crisis also contributed). Growth outlook based on solid foundations for now It is estimated that the Polish economy is currently expanding at a pace close to its potential (approximated at 5. 9% in 2007), on the back of rising domestic demand, which is likely to be followed by i ncreasing imports and a deteriorating current account balance.The growth of gross fixed capital formation accelerated to 17% in 2006 and to nearly 30% y-o-y in the first quarter of 2007. Private consumption increased at 5. 2% in 2006 and stepped up to 6. 9% y-o-y in the first quarter of 2007, which is significantly higher than the 2. 7% average growth in 2000-2003. So far, this expansion of consumption has not led to a rapid increase in the current account deficit (which rose from 1. 7% in 2005 to 2. 3% of GDP in 2006) or a rise in inflation (which has come in below the central bank's medium-term inflation target of 2. % for eight quarters in a row), mainly thanks to moderate real wage growth. However, with a tightening labour market, emerging skill mismatches and workforce emigration the pressure on wages is expected to become more significant, contributing to a further increase of consumption. In consequence, it might lead to an escalation of the external imbalance and/or increase d inflation. Nevertheless, GDP growth in the current phase seems to be based on more solid foundations than in the late 1990s: †¢ Firstly, the share of exports in GDP has nearly tripled in 1992-2006 to about 40%; the number of exporters has also increased considerably.The structure of exports has improved, with a bigger share of processed goods and a higher value added. Foreign direct investment has helped increase the production capacity of the Polish economy, which enables the domestic market to better meet increased private demand, and makes the balance of payments less prone to fluctuations in domestic demand. In addition, increased investment-driven imports are largely balanced by increased exports on account of a good situation in the external environment. †¢ Secondly, the floating exchange rate is likely to act as a buffer against imported inflation.However, even without a strong zloty appreciation, inflation in Poland during the coming years is expected to stay rel atively low: below or around the central bank's medium-term inflation target of 2. 5%. As the Polish economy is now more open than 10 years ago, inflation is more influenced by global factors. Increased exposure of Polish enterprises to international competition limits their ability to freely increase prices and wages. They are forced to increase labour productivity faster than wages to maintain their market position. Thus, even with growing wage demands, enterprises are more willing to decrease mark-ups than to raise prices. Thirdly, increased household incomes acquired as a result of higher wages and an improved labour market situation may not translate into consumption to the same extent as in the previous economic cycle. There is evidence that households are now more saturated with basic durable and consumption goods which they lacked before4 and are more eager to spend additional income on holidays abroad owing to a more mature service sector. Financial markets are more develop ed than 10 years ago, giving an opportunity for financial investments. ConclusionsThe business cycle in Poland exhibits similar properties to cycles in mature economies, but there are some notable differences for government consumption, net exports and real interest rates (although for the last variable the picture may be blurred by its very high level at the beginning of the transformation process). However, because the data series are short, the results should be interpreted with caution. The irregular behaviour of government consumption in Poland with respect to influence on the business cycle could be related to a discretionary fiscal policy implemented within a political business cycle.GDP growth is based on more solid foundations in the current cycle ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 6 The analysis of the previous upswing in Poland, the identification of variables with leading properties with respect to GDP, and the latest developments all seem to suggest that the Po lish economy might have reached the peak of the current cycle in the first quarter of 2007. Nevertheless, thanks to the ongoing process of restructuring of the economy, the slowdown phase is not likely to be as pronounced as in the previous cycle and should not lead to major imbalances.

Essay on Financial Manager

Essay on Financial Manager Discuss the financial manager’s place in the corporation The place of the financial manager may vary significantly. In fact the generic nature of this job title and description can be misleading; hence it should be carefully scrutinized as the role can vary enormously depending on the size of the company and job title. The financial manager holds an important position in the structure of any corporation. He is the person who creates monetary value of the corporation from financing, capital budgeting as well as net-working capital actions. Financial managers are there in the corporation to oversee preparation of financial reports, execute all cash management strategies and direct corporations investments, (Siegel Shim, 2009). Generally, financial manager’s place is to assess ways that suite the corporation, guided by stakeholder’s view of profit maximization and maximization of wealth. Explain the main goal a financial manager is trying to achieve and the types of decision financial manager makes. Notably, the manager has numerous goal and objective in cooperation. The main goal of a financial manager is to ensure that there is maximization of owner’s wealth as well as profit maximization. As a matter of fact financial manager should not be overwhelmed by his personal goals, which include earning reputation and higher salaries. It is automatically that when the financial manager achieves the ultimate goal of the corporation, his/her personal goals too will be achieved, (Moyer, et al, 2008). The decisions financial managers make so as to achieve corporations goal deal with capital structure, working capital management and capital budgeting. A financial manger has to decide on the type of projects that the corporation should undertake (Siegel Shim, 2009). Furthermore, financial managers help in making decisions on how the corporation investments should be funded. Decisions on working capital management involve short-term assets of the corporation, such as inventory, cash, and debtors. In most situation financial accounting of the firm overlap with financial management, but financial accounting is concerned with reporting historical information on finance (Siegel Shim, 2009). Financial manager’s decision is always directed towards the future progress of the corporation. References Siegel, G., Shim, J. (2009). Schaum’s Outline of Financial Management. London: McGraw-Hill. Moyer, C. McGuigan, R Kretlow, J. (2008). Contemporary Financial Management. New York: Wiley.

Henry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience - 1822 Words

Henry David Thoreau, an American essayist, philosopher, and historian around the 1800s, composed â€Å"Civil Disobedience† to uncover the rapid downfall of the American Government. Thoreau highlights â€Å"That Government does best when it does not govern at all†; and when the men are most ready for It, that will be the type of Government they will have, a Government-free one (Thoreau 1). Thoreau expresses his bravery in his writing to bear his nationalistic attitude, showing his hostility towards the American Government during that time; he asserts that the Government, in it’s present state is sinister and corrupted because the Government favors slavery and the Mexican war. Throughout his story â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Thoreau argues that the American†¦show more content†¦These words indicate his loyal opposition to Nationalism in its present state due to its corruption, which persuades the viable officers to seize their sovereignty so they can use more of their inner voice. Likewise, Thoreau coax his audience to disapprove the Government and its injustices, and by doing that, they shall avoid paying off their expenses to the Government (Thoreau 8). When Thoreau was put in jail for a day for not paying off his poll tax while going to the shoemakers to get a shoe that was mended, he later states that... â€Å"I could not for an instant recognize that my government is the slave’s government also†... Although he found out someone paid off that tax, he never found out who paid it off†¦ Although he objected, the constable insisted on him being released from jail (Thoreau 7). Thoreau coaxed his readers to show some compassion for him and his situation being abused caused by the Government. While he was in jail, he later recollects Martin 3 on the abusive treatment he got from the jail officers and upon his release, he later states â€Å"Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison† (Thoreau 9). Specifically, he is highly alert about the ways the jail officers treated him as if heShow MoreRelatedHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience1124 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone s rights safe, our government is a democracy since we were once under a tyrannical government, and it keeps order. Three famous writers known as Henry David Thoreau with Civil Disobedience, Niccolo Machiavelli with The Qualities of a Prince, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau with The Origin of Civil Society wrote about a civilized society versus a tyrannical government. Sometimes their views agreed with mine and other times they did not. Henry David Thoreau s writing, Civil Disobedience, he explainsRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience1123 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, people have always done what they felt to be right. In Henry David Thoreau â€Å"Civil Disobedience†Ã¢â‚¬ ¯he stated â€Å"The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right.† Although doing what you believe to be right may feel right, it’s not always the best decision in all situations. There are many situations where doing what you feel to be right can benefit you, but can affect others negatively. Thoreau believed that following the law, created by most of the peopleRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience933 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henry David Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience, he is writing to the American people. He is trying to spark a desire for change, for people to oppose their government without actions. He uses this work to criticize the American institut ion of slavery as well as the Mexican-American War. Thoreau is attempting to convey the importance of listening to one’s conscience over the laws, believing that it is more important to do what they feel is right rather than listen to the laws given by the majority. ThoreauRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn Henry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Thoreau makes the claim that the best form of government is a government that doesn’t govern at all. Thoreau’s paper pushes for the people to begin following the will of their conscience rather than blindly and foolishly follow the unjust idea of â€Å"majority rule†. Throughout the paper Thoreau makes a point of stating that â€Å"majority rule† is simply the will of the upper-class being forced into action over the rights and wills of the poorer minority. ThisRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience904 Words   |  4 PagesThe t wo pieces of literature, Henry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience† and Harlan Ellison’s â€Å"’Repent, Harlequin!’ Said the Ticktockman†, are two very distinct pieces of literature, but they are also very closely related. The quote is related to the short story because the concept of the quote is exemplified by the story. The machines are the people who conform, the leaders of the state by their heads are the Ticktockman and his staff, and the hero and enemy is Everett C. Marm, who is also knownRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience945 Words   |  4 PagesThoreau’s Civil Disobedience expresses the need to prioritize thoughts and views over the dictates of laws. It attacks the American social policies and government as a slavery and Mexican – American War. Henry David Thoreau’s consistently argued that government rarely proves they’re for the people and obtains its power from the majority because organization, however criticizes the legitimacy of governments viewpoints. Thoreau thoughts were people’s first option is to do what they believe is rightRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience And Machiavelli1360 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, a democratic society, allows all their citizens to vote. However, despite a system which enables the citizen to be independent, ironically it may sometimes encourage conformity. Both Henry David Thoreau, famous for his discussions on a subject that is a title of his essay Civil Disobedience and Machiavelli, author of The Qualities of the Prince, notice a pattern of conformity in society. When a major voting decision is not supported by a majority, people will often wait rather than advertiseRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience And Ralph Waldo Emerson s Self Reliance2846 Words   |  12 Pagesto come. In fact, the transcendentalist movement is still alive in the modern day: as seen in our societies focus on individualism, nature and sensibility. This paper will discuss the ideas of transcendentalism through the work of Henry David Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Self Reliance by comparing both works finding similarities and differences between them. To truly understand the most important members of the transcendentalist movement, it is first important to understandRead MoreHenry David Thoreau, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr.s Use of Civil Disobedience562 Words   |  2 Pagesof civil disobedience is the â€Å"refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government.† Men such as Henry David Thoreau, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. have all used forms of civil disobedience and nonviolent protest to make changes in the world. These changes have made huge impacts on our societies and how we are able to live our everyday lives. Without these three men and their practice of civil disobedienceRead More Henry Thoreau’s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Thoreau’s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Henry David Thoreau was a great American writer, philosopher, and naturalist of the 1800’s who’s writings have influenced many famous leaders in the 20th century, as well as in his own lifetime. Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts in 1817, where he was later educated at Harvard University. Thoreau was a transcendentalist writer, which means that he believed that intuition and the individual conscience â€Å"transcend† experience

Essay about My Teaching Philosophy Statement - 908 Words

My Teaching Philosophy Teaching is a very honorable profession which reflects the positive characteristics of those who educate. It is a difficult job that requires knowledge, dedication, integrity and patience. I want to become a teacher (particularly elementary school) because I want to make a difference in society and I love to work with children. I believe that by using things such as atmosphere and innovative teaching methods, an instructor can be informative and still have fun. This is how I see myself as a primary school teacher. Since I am planning to teach kindergarten, I can imagine a fun and colorful room for my students. I would allow my students to sit at one big table instead of individual desks. This†¦show more content†¦Every week a child will be chosen as student of the week and he or she will get a special certificate and a gift bag filled with different treats. This will be something the kids can look forward to and anticipate. My class will always do special projects for major holidays like Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving and Valentine’s Day. We will do things like make ornaments, magnets and cards for parents and special friends. Also, in order to celebrate special occasions, I will have parties in which parents, guardians and grandparents are allowed to come to. I want my classroom’s atmosphere to be instructional, but fun at the same time. I envision myself as having a non-authoritarian classroom. My classroom organization will be very simple. As long as everyone behaves, they will be able to work together and learn from each other. I believe this technique will be more beneficial in the long run. At a young age, it is important for children to interact with one another for effective learning. However, because they are so young, it is critical to use motivation in order to assure good behavior. One type of motivation for 5 and 6 year olds is the use of rewards and incentives. Therefore, I would tell them that if they behave and do their work, then they can watch cartoons for the last half hour of the day or they can have additional time atShow MoreRelatedMy Original Teaching Philosophy Statement946 Words   |  4 PagesI honestly would not make any changes to my original teaching philosophy statement because I believe that after reading through the entire phycology book, the things I read only supported th e things I stated in my philosophy statement. When writing my philosophy statement I had not taken any previous education classes to aid my original teaching philosophy but I have been working with kids my entire life and so I have seen first hand what things work with children and what does not. This does notRead More My Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay959 Words   |  4 Pages My Teaching Philosophy Statement There are many teachers, with many different teaching styles. There are teachers who are strict and do not allow for any disruptions in the classroom. Then we have teachers who do not even really care what is going on in the classroom. The way that these teachers, and so many more, teach is a result of their personal philosophies on education. Before you can decide how you want to run your classroom, you need to remember that not all students learnRead More My Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pages My Teaching Philosophy Statement Education is defined as the lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values through either formal means, such as schooling, or informal means, such as firsthand experiences or vicarious experiences gained through reading books or discussions. Every person that is or wants to be a teacher has his or her own educational philosophy. We all have our own views, methods, and curriculum that we were taught when growing up. A lot of people mayRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Teaching Philosophy881 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy Why I Am Here†¦ I am here to help my students become their best self. I am here to help my students in their education and to help them become better people and citizens. As a teacher, my goal is to help my students succeed in any way I can. I became a teacher because teaching gives me a chance to help kids grow and develop a love for learning, instead of a loathing for school. I want to be a teacher because I want to make a difference. I will make a positive impact on my student’sRead MoreMy Philosophy Statement For Teaching Young Minds Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy Statement: I believe that each child is a unique individual who needs a safe, creative, organized, fun and caring atmosphere. The purpose of this type of environment is to help my students grow emotionally, intellectually, and socially. Teaching young minds is a job that can’t be taken slightly. 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Emerging Trends in Ecommerce Essay Sample free essay sample

Online retail merchants have risen to the economic challenges of the last three old ages. describing significant year-over-year betterments in 2011 over solid 2010 consequences. And although they continue to confront the challenges of voyaging the altering universe of commercialism in a delicate economic system. on-line retail merchants appear to hold a better appreciation of pull offing multiple touchpoints. the latest fad. and demanding consumer outlooks. Consumer sentiment is tepid at best. and with more shoppers dunking into their nest eggs to do purchases. they are aware of their disbursement picks. A 2011 study of e-commerce professionals in consumer-facing industries shows that on-line retail merchants are get the better ofing these challenges by concentrating on their clients. edifice Websites around them. puting to a great extent in the client experience. and assuring new countries for prosecuting shoppers and turning the company’s base. Enterprises such as Mobile that were a blip on the radio detection and ranging in old old ages have taken centre phase. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Trends in Ecommerce Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This compounds a cardinal defeat online retail merchants face: the integrating of multiple engineerings. few of which were built for today’s evolved usage instances. This paper explains the emerging tendencies in e-commerce in greater item. In November 2011. Endeca conducted the Trends for 2012 in Business to Consumer ( B2C ) Commerce study to assist concerns derive actionable penetration into the evolving nature of e-commerce. The study captured concern consequences from the last calendar twelvemonth and provides visibleness into countries of investing in 2011. Responses were gathered from 221 e-commerce professionals from taking retail. travel. and consumer fabrication organisations. Among the respondents. 53 per centum identified themselves as business-oriented professionals. 37 per centum indicated a proficient function. and the balance had an executive function. Of those surveyed. stand foring chiefly companies among the top 500 cyberspace retail merchants. most were from dress. travel and cordial reception. consumer electronics. general merchants and forte trade names. The study gave an penetration into the tendencies. alterations. and challenges e-commerce faced in 2011. The twelvemonth 2011 delivered significant betterments over an already strong 2010 in all cardinal concern prosodies. Among the study respondents. 60 per centum reported that online gross was up over the old twelvemonth. Furthermore. 69 per centum reported higher entire traffic. with 47 per centum seeing more natural traffic and 43 per centum coverage higher traffic from paid hunt plans or Search Engine Marketing ( SEM ) . proposing that hunt remains a chief arteria for most on-line concern and that investing in a sophisticated scheme remains a focal point. Online retail merchants appear to be more efficaciously steering shoppers to their coveted end – with 46 per centum coverage higher transition rates and are presenting more-targeted selling. as evidenced by larger reported mean order values. Shoping cart forsaking remains a major issue. with half of the respondents mentioning dead drop-off rates from those of the old two old ages. with small penetration into how to better transitions. Not cognizing the basic prosodies was systematically indicated by 13 to 33 per centum of the respondents to each inquiry. bespeaking that despite investing in analytics. there is limited visibleness throughout the organisation into basic prosodies or what’s working. Consequences are turning exponentially twelvemonth over twelvemonth. In 2011. harmonizing to 60 per centum of the respondents. gross was up ; 69 per centum reported higher traffic volume ; 38 per centum noted higher mean order values ; and 54 per centum saw greater nomadic traffic.

Orpheus and Eurydice free essay sample

The myth is about Orpheus’ going to Hades to take his wife back from Pluto the ruler of the underworld. He uses his fascinated music and charming voice to make Pluto and his wife Proserpine feel sympathy and persuade them to release Eurydice back to the living world. The most compelling scenes were Orpheus made a commitment with Pluto that Eurydice will follow him behind, and he should not look back until they reach the living world, because Pluto wants to test Orpheus for the faith he has in Eurydice. Unfortunately, Orpheus has turned back to look at Eurydice one step too early, because he does not sure if she has been following him behind. Eurydice turns back to shadow, and Orpheus will never be able to see her again. Through the mythology, we come to the issues of love, happiness, suffering, life, and death. There are many film directors, artists, and authors borrow Orpheus and Eurydice mythology to show their beliefs in the context of humanity and man’s issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Orpheus and Eurydice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Orpheus (1)† written by Margaret Atwood, â€Å"Orpheus and Eurydice† drawn by Jean Raoux, and â€Å"Black Orpheus† directed by Marcel Camus were three different works in different areas that retell the mythology. Each person chooses a different way to show the story that best suited their time periods and cultures. The poem â€Å"Orpheus (1)† was written by Margaret Atwood in the 70s. The poem was written in the time period when Women Right movement was active in Canada. Atwood was a feminist, therefore her writing strongly showed her support for feminism. In Orpheus (1), a strong female character was demonstrated. Eurydice in this particular poem had her own voice to express how she felt. Through the poem, Atwood had a hidden message that women should have their own choice and the right to follow and do what they desire. Atwood wrote the poem based on Eurydice’s point of view, and she criticized Orpheus for his selfishness. Orpheus lost Eurydice for the second time, because he did not have faith in her and did not see her as a free will. The beginning of the poem was their journey back to the living world. Atwood described the scene of the moment when Orpheus and Eurydice almost reached the living world. Atwood used â€Å"green light† as prefer to the living world that had once killed Eurydice. The word â€Å"once† was used to describe the distance between Eurydice and the living world even though she had just left the living world not long ago. Atwood kept using passive verbs when Eurydice talked about her feeling. â€Å"I was obedient, but †¦was not my choice. † Eurydice considered herself as obedient, but she did not have any feeling or willing to follow Orpheus as described by the word â€Å"numb. † Eurydice expressed that it was not her choice to return. Everything was Orpheus’ desire. It was this hope of yours that kept me following. † Atwood addressed there was not a strong affection between Orpheus and Eurydice when she described there was something stretched between them: â€Å"Though something stretched between us, like a whisper, like a rope. † It’s showing the distance Eurydice felt between her and Orpheus. Atwoo d described Orpheus had his own leash what he called it love that made Eurydice following. Atwood kept using pronouns you and I when Eurydice mentioned her and Orpheus instead of we and us to describe they were two separated individuals that love did not make them become one. Before your eyes you held steady the image of what you wanted me to become. † In Orpheus’ eyes, Eurydice was the image of a person that he used to love on earth. He held steady the image that he created in his mind without acknowledging the change that she might have and accept it. He only wanted her to become what he thought she should be in his mind. Eurydice â€Å"could only see the outline† of Orpheus’ head and shoulders, and she could not make a clear view of him when he turned to see her. Eurydice could not make the figure of Orpheus’ face. The last time she saw him was only a black oval without any image on his face. The poem ended with the line â€Å"You could not believe I was more than your echo. † Orpheus did not have the faith in Eurydice. He did not believe that beside his echo, Eurydice was behind him all the time. Jean Raoux â€Å"Orpheus and Eurydice† painting depicted Orpheus and Eurydice leaving Hades. Raoux used Baroque style for this particular art piece. The painting was drawn in 1709. Baroque style was used to produce the emotion and drama of the painting. The expression of each character in the painting was shown clearly. The underworld demonstrated in the painting looked realistic and close to the artist’s time period. In the painting, Hades was a cave and the characters in the painting look more like real people than Gods and the dead. The characters in the painting sat close to each other like a household with many family members doing different activities. The arrangement of the painting looked like a stage with the spotlight focused on Orpheus and Eurydice in the center. The painting depicted the departure of Orpheus and Eurydice to the living world. In the painting, Orpheus happily held Eurydice’s hand and pulled her along. His hand was holding a guitar instead of the harp illustrated the common instrument was used during Baroque period. Orpheus used his music and voice to persuade Pluto and Proserpine. On the upper left corner of the picture, Pluto and Proserpine were sitting on the highest seat. They were fascinated and enchanted by Orpheus’ music. Their face expression looked satisfied and convinced. On the left side of the painting, there were three women who looked like three Fates spinning the future with frightened and dreary expression. This was a foreshadowing of Orpheus’ future that a tragedy was going to happen. The most notable scene in the painting was Eurydice turned her head back to look at Pluto and Proserpine as if they were her parents, and her face looked like she was in pain as if she was leaving her parents behind. There was a nostalgia that expressed on Eurydice’s face. This also a foreshadowing of Eurydice would turn back to the underworld. Orpheus’ head turned back slightly indicated that he would look back at Eurydice and she would turn back to the underworld. â€Å"Black Orpheus† film was directed by French director Marcel Camus and was made in Brazil. Using Brazilian’s traditional Carnival, the film retold Greek’s Orpheus and Eurydice myth. With the story of Orpheus and Eurydice, the film showed the cycle of love, life, death, and human happiness and suffering. The whole mythology was borrowed in the movie. The myth fits into the story of the film, because it demonstrated human love and human effort to regain their love. Even though the film was retelling Greek myth, the scenes were more suited with the Brazilian culture and the time period when the film was released. Orfeu and Eurydice names were directly used by the two main characters. Orfeu was a bus driver who could play charming music that could call the sun to rise, and Eurydice was an innocent and pretty girl who fled from her hometown to avoid a masked man in disguise of the death. Both Orfeu and Eurydice were experiencing love at the first sight. Orfeu asked for Eurydice name, and since then, he fell in love with her like the story in the myth. Orfeu had a fiance, but he fell in love with Eurydice. This scene showed one of human problem between love and mortal. There was a masked man who played the role of the death which foreshadowed Eurydice’s dead. Orfeu had been trying to protect Eurydice from people who hated her and the masked man, but Eurydice’s dead was unavoidable. The colorful Brazilian Carnival was a happy and lively scene which was a metaphor of Orpheus and Eurydice wedding. Orfeu and Eurydice were so enjoying the Carnival. They were happily dancing together without noticing that an inevitable death was coming to Eurydice. When Eurydice saw the masked man, she was running away to an old factory. There, she hid away from the death by holding herself on the electric cords. Orfeu went to rescue Eurydice, but it turned out that he unintentionally killed Eurydice by turning the lights in the factory on, and Eurydice was electrocuted. This scene was the most surprising and striking to the audiences, because Orfeu killed the person that he loved unintentionally. Orfeu did not believe that Eurydice was dead, so he went everywhere to look for her. In the government building, Orfeu met an old man who took him to a ceremony. Instead of going to the underworld like the myth, Orfeu in this film found Eurydice by a soul invocation ceremony. This scene showed Brazilian’s religious belief of life and death. Here, Orfeu sang to call Eurydice by using his charming voice. When Eurydice came back to living world and possessed in an old woman body behind Orpheus, she told him not to look back. Orfeu wanted to see her and did not believe that this was real, so he turned back and Eurydice disappeared. Eurydice and Orpheus mythology was retold in different ways through these art works.